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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal>Hi Gregg,<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Well, unfortunately I’m in the US (although there are people who think that Alaska is a different country, so maybe that counts). Also, I’m about to give you way more answer than you ever wanted!<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>The issue that Emir and Chris have been attempting to address is “smart-quotes”. For instance, I’m writing this in Outlook. If you look very carefully, the quotes around smart-quotes look slightly different, both from each other and from this " character) – the left one is Unicode “LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK”, and the right one is Unicode “RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK”. Both of those are Unicode characters that have no ANSI/ASCII equivalent (they are Unicode code-points U+201C and U+201D respectively). The original “QUOTATION MARK” character is a neutral (vertical) one that is present in ANSI/ASCII 0x22 and in UNICODE as U+0022. The same issue shows up with single-quotes – the ANSI/ASCII “APOSTROPHE” character is 0x27 or U+0027, but there are Unicode left and right single quotes at U+2018 and U+2019. Finally, there is also the ANSI/ASCII “GRAVE ACCENT” character 0x60 (Unicode U+0060).<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>The three ANSI/ASCII quotes characters have special meaning for a Mac/Unix/Linux/BSD/etc. terminal window. The double-quote one means "this string of text should be considered a single parameter, and variable interpolation should be performed on it". The single-quote one means 'this string of text should be considered a single parameter, but variable interpolation should not be performed on it'. The back-quote means `this string of text should be variable interpolated and then executed and the results substituted here before executing the command as a whole`. Compare the following output:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>[toby@vin ~]$ echo "$HOME"<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>/home/toby<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>[toby@vin ~]$ echo '$HOME'<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>$HOME<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>[toby@vin ~]$ echo `$HOME`<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>bash: /home/toby: Is a directory<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>The last output is because /home/toby isn’t a valid command – you can’t execute a directory!<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>The problem is that terminal windows for Mac/Unix/Linux/BSD/etc. and Command Prompts for Windows only treat the original ANSI/ASCII characters as proper single and double quote characters with special meaning. Furthermore, in many monospaced fonts (the kind used in terminal windows and Command Prompts), the Unicode left/right quotes end up looking identical (or almost identical) to the ANSI/ASCII neutral quotes, making it very hard to distinguish. Many e-mail editors and word processors attempt to helpfully substitute the Unicode left/right quotes for the ANSI/ASCII ones in order to make the e-mails look better, but it ends up creating major problems for copying command lines from e-mail messages (and documentation).<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>The same problem can affect hyphens – the ANSI/ASCII character is 0x45, known in Unicode as “HYPHEN-MINUS”. Again, many e-mail editors and word processors automatically attempt to substitute one of the various Unicode hyphens: “HYPHEN” (U+2010), “NON-BREAKING HYPHEN” (U+2011), “FIGURE DASH” (U+2012), “EN DASH” (U+2013), “EM DASH” (U+2014), “MINUS SIGN” (U+2212), and there are more! None of these Unicode-only hyphens have the special meaning accorded to the ANSI/ASCII character in a terminal window or Command Prompt, which leads to problems yet again!<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Windows 10 added a new option for Command Prompts “Filter clipboard contents on paste” which is turned on by default. It automatically maps those fancy left/right quotes and special hyphens to the ANSI/ASCII equivalents when pasting into a Command Prompt, thus mitigating the problem introduced by the helpful e-mail editors and word processors.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>OK – I think that may be enough on this subject!<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Thanks,<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Toby<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b>From:</b> self-interest@yahoogroups.com <self-interest@yahoogroups.com> <br><b>Sent:</b> Saturday, May 5, 2018 5:05 AM<br><b>To:</b> self-interest@yahoogroups.com<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [self-interest] Re: beginner trying to run Self on Mac<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><br><br>Hi Emir, I wont be happy until I have people from 5 different countries helping me around the clock so thanks. All the quotes I have used in the last 4 or so posts all look identical in my terminal window at the moment (single quotes) I could try hand typing it if you think that will work but right now the prompt is > instead of <span style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Menlo",serif'>greggevans:self greggarthurevansgmail.com$<span class=apple-converted-space> should I clear the terminal and start over?</span></span> <br><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:white'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></body></html>